Volcano eruptions are agreeably fascinating, and everyone knows it’s worth the wait to witness this incredible phenomenon. With only about 50 volcanic eruptions per year and 1,350 volcanoes in total, it’s clear that our scientists show no hesitation in getting a grasp at this 3.7 percent opportunity. Even the smallest bit of advanced information could scope out the future of biology and the mysteries of the world.
After the Fagradalsfjall volcano in Iceland erupted following 781 years of dormancy, researchers took the daring risk to search its mantle. It was discovered that the amalgamate layer (the layer between Earth’s crust and core) contained a wide range of material. With a temperature of 1,832 degrees Fahrenheit near the crust and 6,692 next to the core, this was unconvincing, as it would have already melted by the extreme temperature by then. That was when another unthinkable find took place: the magma was unabridged with solid crystals. “We have a really detailed record of the different types of composition that we can find in the mantle now, and it must be very heterogeneous (diverse in content), very variable,” said Frances Deegan, a volcanologist at Uppsala University in Sweden.
Furthermore, it was uncovered that the Fagradalsfjall volcano’s lava was primitive, underground, rather in a shallow reservoir near Earth’s crust where lava typically erupts from. Researchers were determined to find more. Ed Marshall, a geochemist at the University of Iceland, were among these researchers. “We were working all hours — you’re asleep and the volcano’s still erupting and you’re like, ‘I got to get back out there,’” Dr. Marshall said. “But it’s hard to describe how rare this kind of thing is.”
It was finally declared that the eruption did not follow the normal process of magma accumulating in the crust. Instead, carbon dioxide was released from a deep region called the Mohorovicic discontinuity, or moho, where lava was pushed upwards.
Magma normally mixes together and travels up through the crust to create an eruption. This eruption occurred straight through the mantle, where mixing is prevented because it is so deep in the volcano. “For the first time, more or less, we are looking at an active eruption on our oceanic crust (The thin part of Earth’s crust under the ocean basins) where the lava is directly erupting from the mantle source,” Olafur Flovenz, director of the Iceland GeoSurvey, said. Molten rock and crystals were produced because of the moho.
Many researchers have started using new lava samples to explain the mixing and melting processes in magma reservoirs based on this eruption, which at first was not commonly done. “It’s an absolutely amazing eruption for our field,” said Dr. Marshall, “and it’s one of those things that will be studied for a long time.”
Link:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/appforest_uf/f1658688653049x483566818130665200/In%20Iceland%2C%20a%20Volcanic%20Eruption%20Brings%20Researchers%20Closer%20to%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20Core%20-%20The%20New%20York%20Times.pdf
After the Fagradalsfjall volcano in Iceland erupted following 781 years of dormancy, researchers took the daring risk to search its mantle. It was discovered that the amalgamate layer (the layer between Earth’s crust and core) contained a wide range of material. With a temperature of 1,832 degrees Fahrenheit near the crust and 6,692 next to the core, this was unconvincing, as it would have already melted by the extreme temperature by then. That was when another unthinkable find took place: the magma was unabridged with solid crystals. “We have a really detailed record of the different types of composition that we can find in the mantle now, and it must be very heterogeneous (diverse in content), very variable,” said Frances Deegan, a volcanologist at Uppsala University in Sweden.
Furthermore, it was uncovered that the Fagradalsfjall volcano’s lava was primitive, underground, rather in a shallow reservoir near Earth’s crust where lava typically erupts from. Researchers were determined to find more. Ed Marshall, a geochemist at the University of Iceland, were among these researchers. “We were working all hours — you’re asleep and the volcano’s still erupting and you’re like, ‘I got to get back out there,’” Dr. Marshall said. “But it’s hard to describe how rare this kind of thing is.”
It was finally declared that the eruption did not follow the normal process of magma accumulating in the crust. Instead, carbon dioxide was released from a deep region called the Mohorovicic discontinuity, or moho, where lava was pushed upwards.
Magma normally mixes together and travels up through the crust to create an eruption. This eruption occurred straight through the mantle, where mixing is prevented because it is so deep in the volcano. “For the first time, more or less, we are looking at an active eruption on our oceanic crust (The thin part of Earth’s crust under the ocean basins) where the lava is directly erupting from the mantle source,” Olafur Flovenz, director of the Iceland GeoSurvey, said. Molten rock and crystals were produced because of the moho.
Many researchers have started using new lava samples to explain the mixing and melting processes in magma reservoirs based on this eruption, which at first was not commonly done. “It’s an absolutely amazing eruption for our field,” said Dr. Marshall, “and it’s one of those things that will be studied for a long time.”
Link:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/appforest_uf/f1658688653049x483566818130665200/In%20Iceland%2C%20a%20Volcanic%20Eruption%20Brings%20Researchers%20Closer%20to%20Earth%E2%80%99s%20Core%20-%20The%20New%20York%20Times.pdf
